Compare And Contrast Buddhism And Christianity - 1729 Words

Compassion is basically considered to be one of the most virtues in almost all religious traditions such as Buddhism and Christianity. Buddhism and Christianity are two different religions but both of them are interrelated. Both religions have hope of life after death, hope of reincarnation of Buddhists, eternal life of Christians, but live consciously. Both Buddhism and Christianity were founded by spiritual leaders and masters who tried to prove a way of salvation. Based on religious writings, this paper explores the way Buddhism and Christianity are different and in what ways they similar from the point of salvation, life after death, and love. According to the Buddha, it is possible for one who accepts and obeys four noble truth†¦show more content†¦Their goal is to end this cycle by achieving Nirvana. Nirvana is the state of existence realized by eliminating desire. Nirvana comes at two moments, awakening and enlightenment, and in the Paris Bilbana, when the person s fi re finally flickers (final death). The way to Nirvana is divided into eight categories of fields to avoid bad karma, leading to the regeneration of dangerous difficult forms. If a person has the intention to expand their service for the benefit of others, the correct action will be executed automatically. However, in order to extend the feelings of these affection and kindness to others, we must start from among them first. This means that according to the doctrine of Buddhism, people can increase this kindness to someone only by making our own body affectionate. Even if you love yourself, no one will harm others. Therefore, only by creating a room for love for themselves, people can share or have the same feelings for others. Metta in Buddhism is traditionally established as one of the four related qualities called Divine Abidings. Love (Metta) and the other three: compassion (Karuna), joy (Mudita) and equality (Upekkha), make up these Divine Illimitables. These can be understood i n two extreme aspects of Buddhism. The next level is the joy of love and compassion that our love for others has evolved into empathy, sympathy and pity that then result into Love – Kindness. This condition will be perfect when aShow MoreRelatedCompare And Contrast Christianity And Buddhism1265 Words   |  6 PagesChristianity, the religion that originated by their savior Jesus Christ, died for the salvation of all humanity. Buddhism, the religion that was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, was a privileged man that gave up worldly possessions and material wealth to reach a state of Enlightenment. These two religions are followed by millions of people to this day. Although very different, they do share some similarities with each other, as well as having their own unique characteristics that continue to bringRead MoreCompare and Contrast Buddhism and Christianity1311 Words   |  6 Pagesafterlife, and then further developed into tribal religions, which evolved into ancestral worship, then to polytheism, and lastly into monotheism. Monotheism in the form of Christianity is the largest religion of the modern world, and it has similar beliefs to other world religions such as Buddhism. Christianity and Buddhism are similar because both religions teach about the equality of people and that making good choices reflects the positive teachings of that religion. They are also similar inRead MoreAP World History Compare and Contrast: The Spread of Christianity and Buddhism in the End of the Classical Period.909 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Compare and Contrast: The Spread of Christianity and Buddhism in the End of the Classical Period. World History AP Christianity and Buddhism are two different religions that developed and spread contemporaneously in during the Classical Period different territories. Both of them share some similarities as well as differences. Both of these religions were founded based upon different principles taught by different people; in Buddhism’s case Gautama Buddha a thinker and in Christianity’sRead MoreChristianity vs Buddhism923 Words   |  4 Pagesreligions do—they all contain truths,† said by Muhammad Ali. Religion is the belief and reverence for a supernatural power and powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe (2003). The religions I’ve chose to compare and contrast would be non denomination/ Christianity and Buddhism. Each religion would be broken down by their religious belief, religious ritual, and religious experience. The definition of these religious things are: religious belief is a statement to which members of a particularRead MoreSimilaritie s Between Buddhism and Christianity814 Words   |  4 Pagesdetrimental influences of cultural globalization. It is generally acknowledged that Buddhism and Christianity are ancient and global religions; however, whether the belief in Buddhism is credible or not, has sparked spirited debate. The Christian believes the Buddha is a â€Å"shadow†, and he is not to be believed. Actually, there are some similarities in terms of histories, main figures, and beliefs between Buddhism and Christianity. In order to solve sources of conflict, the Buddhists and the Christians shouldRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Buddhism807 Words   |  4 Pagesaspect its best to compare religions to determine which views are acceptable and which ones are not suitable by specific preferences. The following is a comparison between Christianity and Buddhism. Buddhism and Christianity are both religions that have a substantial history and millions of dedicated followers throughout the world. In some ways, the two religions are similar, being based largely on the teachings of a single man; Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha in the case of Buddhism, and The Lord JesusRead MoreCompare and Contrast Judaism and Buddhism Essay647 Words   |  3 PagesCompare and Contrast Judaism and Buddhism One of the most early religions are Judaism and Buddhism. Both Judaism and Buddhism have lots of differences beliefs and practices and only few similarities. Judaism was started in 2000 B.C.E, led by Abraham. Buddhism was started in 560 B.C.E, by Siddhartha Gautama. Both religions have different point of view. Buddhism don’t believe in deity and Judaism believe in deity. Buddhism are just followers of Gautama and Judaism believe in Yahweh (the GodRead MoreWorld Religions: Comparative Discussions1010 Words   |  4 PagesWorld Religions: Comparative Discussions 1.Compare and contrast Hinduism and Buddhism on the question of atman. What does each tradition have to say about whether a human being has an individual soul? What is the significance of this soul (or lack thereof) in each tradition? The concept of the self is critical to a great many religious traditions. Understanding ones own individual position within the context of the universe helps to drive ones relationship to the divine, to the pedestrian andRead MoreJesus The Christ And Gautama The Buddha1400 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Christ and Gautama the Buddha In this paper, I want to compare and contrast Buddha and Christ, the two personalities that have significantly influenced human history: one of the eastern hemisphere and the other the western hemisphere of earth. Both Buddha and the Christ have millions of followers. Not only are their teachings of huge interest separately, but also is there growing interest in how they relate to each other. In Christianity, there is an all-loving, all-power God. He designed a worldRead MoreHealth Care Provider And Faith Diversity1530 Words   |  7 Pageshigher power remains the same. Furthermore, being able to compare two prevalent cultures such as Christianity and Buddhism, shows that faith is prevent along with the rituals that go along with them. However, for many, taking care of someone with a different religious preference can be difficult at times, the basic underlying concepts of health, healing, and kindness remain the same. This paper will address the different worldview questions, compare the different beliefs, spiritual perspectives, critical

Biology By2 Revision Free Essays

Parasitic Nutrition 21 May 2011 10:43 = organisms that live on or in another organism obtaining nourishment at the expense of the host and causing harm. Gut parasite (Taenia solium) = tapeworm Primary host = human (eat uncooked infected pork) Secondary host = pig (drainage channels contaminated by human faeces) Adaptations†¦ – Suckers hookers (attachment) – Body covering (immune responses) – Thick cuticle (inhibitory substances = enzymes) – Simple body systems (reproduction) – Very thin large surface area (food absorbed over whole body surface = diffusion) – Male female sex organs (gut can only accommodate 1 tapeworm) – Number of eggs produced (increase chance of survival) – Eggs have resistant shells (survive until eaten) Dormant embryos can form cysts in organs – damage surrounding tissue BY2 revision Page 1 Adaptions to different diets 21 May 2011 10:53 Reptiles Amphibians = swallow food whole Mammals = cut up and chew (palate separates nasal cavity mouth – kept in mouth longer) Carnivore = short gut (easily digest protein) Herbivore = long gut (plant digestion difficult) Dentition Mechanical digestion = easier to swallow increases surface area for enzyme action Herbivore Incisors Canines Lower jaw, cuts against horny pad (upper jaw) Indistinguishable from incisors Carnivore Sharp (tear flesh from bone) Large, curved, pointed = seizing prey, killing tearing flesh Carnassial (slide past each other = garden shears) molars = cutting/crushing) Vertical (open wide to capture kill prey) Not horizontal (dislocation) Jaw muscles = well developed/powerful (grip firmly on prey/crush bones) Cheek teeth Interlock. (W into M) Worn down = sharp enamel ridges (efficiency). We will write a custom essay sample on Biology By2 Revision or any similar topic only for you Order Now Open roots (grinding) Jaw movement Other Circular grinding. Horizontal plane Diastema = gap between front side teeth. Tongue moves cut grass to grinding surfaces (cheek teeth) Ruminants Produce most protein eaten by humans eg. Cows/sheep Mutualism/Symbiosis = close association between members of 2 species, both derive some benefit from the relationship. – Can’t digest cellulose (no cellulose enzymes) – Cellulose-digesting bacteria live in gut of cow – Separated = food left long enough for digestion, bacteria isolated (optimum pH conditions) Cellulose digestion†¦ – Grass chopped (teeth), saliva, cud formed, swallowed – 1st stomach = cellulose digesting bacteria (glucose = fermented – organic acids into blood. Waste = co2 methane – Cud into next region, regurgitated chewed again – 3rd stomach = water absorption – 4th stomach (‘normal’ stomach) = protein digestion – Small intestine = absorption Rumen = greater variety of mutualistic organisms than in caecum More efficient = more complete breakdown of cellulose Bacteria = source of protein when dead BY2 revision Page 2 Digestion 21 May 2011 11:35 = the break down of large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules. Physical chemical. Food passes through alimentary canal where it is digested absorbed into the body. Digestive enzymes = hydrolases (catalyse hydrolysis of substrate – addition of water) – Carbohydrates (polysaccharides) disaccharides monosaccharides (Amylase = maltose glucose) – Proteins polypeptides dipeptides amino-acids (peptidase = endo/exo) – Fats fatty acids glycerol (lipase) Mouth (buccal cavity) – Mechanical digestion (teeth) †“ Saliva = salivary lands (mucus, salivary amylase mineral ions = optimum pH – slightly alkaline) = lubrication some protein digestion (amylase = starch maltose) – Swallowed as bolus Oesophagus – Peristaltic contractions (longitudinal circular muscles = not under conscious control) – Occurs all way through alimentary canal Stomach = muscular sac (2 sphincter muscles = cardiac pyloric keep food in stomach) – Muscles in stomach wall contract rhythmically (mix food with gastric juice = secreted by stomach wall) – Gastric juice = optimum pH of enzymes (pH2. 0), kills most bacteria, peptidase enzymes = protein polypeptides Pepsinogen (inactive) = activated by HCl to active peptidase enzyme – Mucus = form lining (protect wall from enzymes acid/assist movement) – Food leaves as chyme – Purpose of HCl = optimum pH for enzymes, kill microbes, activate pepsinogen (pepsin) Gastric glands = peptic/chief cells (pepsinogen = inactive until HCl), oxyntic (secretes HCl) goblet cells (mucus) Small Intestine = duodenum (first 20cm) ileum Bile = produced in liver, stored in gall bladder, into duodenum via bile duct. = no enzymes. Bile salts = emulsifying lipids (lowers surface tension = globules – droplets [surface area]) = neutralise acidity = exocrine glands in Pancreas via Pancreatic duct. = Contains enzymes. Trypsinogen – Trypsin (Enterokinase) = Endopeptidases (protein peptides) Pancreatic Amylase (starch maltose) Pancreatic Lipase (lipids fatty acids glycerol) Pancreatic juice Walls of duodenum = Brunner’s Glands (secrete alkaline juice mucus) – correct pH lubrication/protection Enzymes secreted by cells at tips of villi (Crypts of Lieberkuhn) Maltase = Maltose 2 Glucose Sucrase = sucrose glucose galactose Endopeptidases/Exopeptidases = polypeptides amino acids Endo = quaternary/tertiary – smaller polypeptides. Exo = peptides – amino acids Absorption Ileum adapted†¦ – Long BY2 revision Page 3 – Long Lining folded = large surface area Villi = finger like projections Epithelial cells = surface of villi (microscopic projections – microvilli) Large number of mitochondria = lots of energy required Glucose Amino-acids = epithelium of villi (diffusion active transport) into capillary network – hepatic portal vein to liver Fatty acids Glycerol = lacteal (blindly ending lymph capillary) – lymphatic system into bloodstream (thoracic duct) Fatty acids, Glycerol most vitamins = diffusion through epithelial cell membrane Glucose, Amino acids dipeptides = need ATP (energy) – co-transport (Na+ ion) Dipeptides digested intracellularly-pump ions out and then draws more in – carries molecules in with it. Large intestine – Caecum, Appendix, Colon Rectum – Water mineral salts absorbed in colon – vitamins secreted by micro-organisms (vitamin K folic acid (Vitamin B9) – Faeces = semi-solid condition (undigested cellulose, bacteria, sloughed cells) – defaecation Uses†¦ Soluble food products – bloodstream – tissues (assimilation/provide energy) – Glucose = energy release (respiration)/excess stored (fat cells) – Amino Acids = protein-synthesis. Cannot be stored (deaminated – urea {disposed} carbs {stored}) – Lipids = membranes/hormones/excess stored as fat BY2 revision Page 4 Structure of the gut 24 May 2011 08:52 Peristalsis = aids movement of food through alimentary canal 1) 2) 3) 4) Ingestion Digestion (mechanical = increase surface area/chemical = enzymes, glands in wall/outside wall) Absorption Egestion Structure of Mammalian Gut – Outer serosa = layer of connective tissue (protection/reduces friction from other organs as it moves) – Muscle layer = inner circular/outer longitudinal muscles = peristalsis – Sub-mucosa = connective tissue, contains blood/lymph vessels – absorption nerves (co-ordinate muscular contractions – peristalsis) – Mucosa = innermost layer (lines wall of gut), secretes mucus (lubrication protection), secretes digestive juices in some regions (stomach)/absorbs food (ileum) – Lumen = cavity of gut BY2 revision Page 5 Glands 1) Large glands outside gut – secretions pass through tubes/ducts into lumen Eg. Salivary gland, liver, pancreas 2) Glands in form of cells in sub-mucosa Eg. Secrete mucus in duodenum (Brunner’s glands – alkaline juices also) 3) Glands in form of cells in mucosa Eg. Gastric glands(stomach) = gastric juice Crypts of lieberkuhn(in base of villus of small intestine) = enzymes (complete digestion) – maltase = maltose – Sucrase = sucrose – Endopeptidase/exopeptidase = peptides/dipeptides BY2 revision Page 6 Adaptions for nutrition 24 May 2011 09:37 Nutrition = obtain energy to maintain life functions and matter to create/maintain structure (from nutrients) Autotrophic plants Use simple organic materials CO2 H2O to manufacture energy make complex compounds (make own food) – provide food for others = producers Green plants build up complex organic molecules eg sugars from CO2 H2O. Source of energy = sunlight (absorbed in chlorophyll related pigments) [6CO2 +6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2] Use energy from special methods of respiration to synthesize organic food Consume complex organic food material (cannot make own food) = consumers. Take food into bodies and break down by digestion. Usually internal in digestive system. Digested material – absorbed (body tissues – used by cells) Herbivores/Carnivores/Detritivores Dead/decaying matter – no specialized digestive system. Secrete enzymes outside body absorb. (extracellular digestion). Microscopic = decomposers (important recycling valuable nutrients – nitrogen) – Photosynthesis Plants/algae/ certain bacteria Autotrophic bacteria Animals, fungi, some protoctists bacteria Most animals – Chemosynthesis Heterotrophic – Holozoic feeders – Saprophytes (saprobionts) – Parasites – Mutualism (symbiosis) Fungi some bacteria Tapeworm Organism that live in/on another organism and receive nutrition from it. Host suffers harm. Highly specialized. Cellulose Involves close association between members of2 different species. digesting bacteria Both derive some benefit from the relationship BY2 revision Page 7 Reproductive Strategies 24 May 2011 10:08 Life cycle = sequence of changes through which it passes during its life from origin in reproduction until death. Reproduction = ability to produce other individuals of the same species Asexual – Rapidly produces large numbers (identical genetic composition = clone) – Binary fission (eg. Unicellular organisms – bacteria/amoeba) – Budding (eg. Hydra/yeast) – Bulbs (eg. Onion/daffodil) – Runners (eg. Strawberry) – Tubers (eg. Potato) Sexual – Involves 2 parents – Less rapid than asexual – Offspring are genetically different – Fusion of haploid gametes Advantages/Disadvantages†¦ Asexual = lack of variety (adapting to environmental change) = if well suited to environment conditions, large numbers of successful type built up quickly Sexual = genetic variety (adapt to environmental change) = development of resistant stage in life cycle (can withstand adverse conditions) = formation of spores, seeds, larvae = dispersal of offspring. Reduces intraspecific competition – enables genetic variety to develop as required. = more chance of mutation (complexity of process) Production of Gametes Diploid = body cells (mitosis) Haploid = sex cells/gametes (meiosis) Haploid Sperm + Haploid Egg = Diploid Fertilized Egg Zygote formed – mitosis to grow Male gamete = small extremely motile Female gamete = large/sedentary (presence of stored food) Mammalian eggs have only enough to survive until formation of placenta External Fertilization – Discharge gametes directly into sea/freshwater – Considerable wastage = eggs may not encounter sperm – Vast numbers of gametes produced – Frogs – joining of sperm/egg assisted by coupling. Male rubs hind legs on female for her to lay eggs, he immediately releases seminal fluid over them. – Amphibians usually terrestrial, must return to water to breed = external fertilization Internal Fertilization – Occurs inside body of female – Requires intermittent organ to introduce sperm to female’s body – Less chance of gametes being wasted BY2 revision Page 8 – Less chance of gametes being wasted Allows male gamete to be independent of water for movement Fertilized egg can be enclosed with protective covering before leaving female. (Animals lay eggs) Embryos develop within parent and derive nourishment from her (placenta) = greatest adaption (mammals) Development of Zygote – Usually outside body – easy prey for predators – Many eggs produced to ensure some survive – Insects, internal fertilization (ensure sperm deposited in female’s reproductive tract), external development (laid on food source) – Evolution of amniote egg (reptiles/birds) = fluid filled cavity, surrounded by membrane protective shell, encloses embryo within yolk sac – Birds incubate eggs = embryo development (external) – Mammals = young retained in mother’s womb/uterus (no shell). Embryo nourished from mother’s blood supply (placenta). Born in relatively advanced state of development. Parental Care – Very little usually – Stickleback looks after eggs, defends territory, fans eggs to provide o2 until they hatch – Birds mammals = provision of shelter, feeding, protection from predators, training for adult life. More parental care provided = fewer offspring produced Unisexual /Hermaphrodite – Plants = male and female gametes produced in one individual – Every individual capable of forming fertilized eggs – Possibility of self-fertilization = inbreeding (reduced genetic variability) – No intromittent organs – special techniques evolved for transferring gametes Success of Insects – Mainly terrestrial – Depend on these to pollinate crops – Competition for food also – Carry disease eg. Malaria Incomplete Metamorphosis (eg. Grasshopper) – Egg – Intermediate form = nymph (resembles adult – smaller) – Hard exoskeleton – doesn’t grow, must shed skin/molt – Does this a series of times until it reaches full size Complete metamorphosis (eg. Butterfly/housefly) – Egg – Lava (specialized for feeding/growing) – Pupa/chrysalis – complete change – Emerges as adult specialized for dispersal and reproduction Plants Simple plants = algae (seaweeds = confined to sea) mosses ferns (confined to damp areas -male gamete can swim to egg) Successful plants = conifers flowering plants (independent of water for reproduction – able to colonize land) Flowering plants = morphology (Efficient water carrying xylem vessels reproduction) – Male pollen grains with hard coat = withstand desiccation (transfer to stigma of female – affect by environmental conditions) – Plants grasses = small inconspicuous flowers – pollen carried by wind – Brightly coloured flowers scent = attraction by insects (carry pollen to stigma) BY2 revision Page 9 – Brightly coloured flowers scent = attraction by insects (carry pollen to stigma) Male gametes travel through pollen tube to female part and egg (no longer needs film of water to reach egg) Fertilised egg develops into seed containing food store (with resistant coat) Key to success = relationship with animals (attract insects which pollinate/seed dispersal) enclosure of eggs in ovary and evolution of seed – Can survive adverse conditions Flowering plants are so successful because of†¦ – Short interval between flower production and setting of seed (few weeks) – Seed with food store = embryo develops until leaves are produced above ground (photosynthesis) – Seed protects embryo from desiccation other hazards = resistant coat – Leaves deciduous succulent = decay when fall to ground – humus produced. (rapid recycling of ions for reuse) BY2 revision Page 10 Translocation 24 May 2011 14:41 = transport of soluble organic materials, sucrose a nd amino acids (bi-directional movement) Products of photosynthesis = phloem. From source (area that makes the photosynthate – sucrose = leaves) to sink (where needed for growth/storage) Phloem structure – Sieve tubes (adapted for longitudinal flow of material = no nucleus ,have pores =sieve plates allows rapid flow of manufactured food substances) – Companion cells (linked to sieve tubes by plasmodesmata with fibres parenchyma, dense cytoplasm = lots of mitochondria – lots of metabolic activity, large nucleus – controls activity) – Phloem fibres – Phloem parenchyma â€Å"Mass flow† hypothesis – There is a passive flow of sucrose from source to sink – Does not account for observations such as movement in opposite directions at same time rate – Other hypotheses = diffusion, cytoplasmic streaming Evidence for translocation†¦ 1) Aphid (greenfly) – Feed (proboscis), leave embedded proboscis, liquid = sucrose amino acids. Sectioning stem shows proboscis is in phloem sieve tu be 2) Ringing Experiments – Cut off ring of bark (including phloem, leave xylem), immerse in water. Swelling above cut = accumulation of organic solutes, cannot continue. Will eventually die 3) Radioactive isotopes – Carbon-14 supplied to plant – fixed in glucose upon photosynthesis (14C6H12O6) – Stem cut, x-ray = phloem contains radioactivity BY2 revision Page 11 How to cite Biology By2 Revision, Papers

Strategy Case Analysis of AndFound for VV and Reza - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theStrategy Case Analysis of AndFound for VV and Reza. Answer: Introduction Presentation of the Case The strategies adopted by an organization should be in alignment with the vision and values of the organization (Gamble and Thompson 2014).The case is about AndFound, an online platform for connecting investors with selected start-ups. The main actors of the case are VV and Reza, the founders of the online platform. The service of AndFound was launched in 2012 and it gained immense popularity among users. AndFound was first started as a blog which provided entrepreneurs useful information on how to find funding and entrepreneurs soon approached VV and Reza and were seeking referrals to angel investors. VV and Reza thus decided to make use of the information collected from investors, for instance the past funding history of investors and the kind of business they were interested to fund was analyzed. The next step for VV and Reza was to develop technology for their online platform. This online platform helped the start-ups to create online profiles like Facebook pages. Investors could search for entrepreneurs using filter criteria, for instance, they could filter entrepreneurs who have studied in MIT or Harvard but the services of AndFound was free. Instead of worrying about the revenue VV and Reza focused on the growth and quality of their business (hbr.org 2017). An organization must analyze its mission, values and vision before implementing major strategies (Hubbard, Rice and Galvin 2014). Discussion Presentation of the Problem in the Case Organizations should analyze its current strategies to create operational efficiency and gain competitive advantage (Harrison and John 2013).AndFound managed to raise seed capital from angel investors and a foundation, however after the first round of seed funding, the organization did not raise a single penny. It is difficult to build a two-sided capital like AndFound which comprises of entrepreneurs on one side and investors on the other side. In the initial years of business, focus of AndFound was to increase the customer base and improve the experience of its users. The founders of AndFound VV and Reza were of the opinion that if they charge money from the users of the site; it would drive away high-caliber entrepreneurs and investors. They wanted to make their site valuable to the start-up community and had the firm conviction that they would manage to find some way to fund their business later. But the problem with the case is that investors prefer to see cash flow potential of a business. On the contrary AndFound was not chasing revenue, instead they wanted to deliver best and free services to customers. VV and Reza were stuck in a dilemma about the timing to raise funds for their business and they discussed about which business model to follow. VV feared that if their business does not adopt the revenue model, it would not mature (hbr.org 2017). The strategic choice of a start-up organization is of paramount importance for its success (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). For a start-up organization, the strategic choice is important as the organization has limited resources (Peppard and Ward 2016). Presentation of different option and pros/cons of each option The process of monitoring and implementing strategies are of paramount importance for an organization (Morden 2016). Talent Portal is a source by which AndFound can generate revenue. A section of the AndFound site was set up by VV and Reza to connect jobseekers with start-ups. The start-up organizations could apply filter to select the potential candidates for their organization and AndFound could make around 2000 introductions every week for 30,000 candidates and this amount can enable an organization to save around $25000 in recruitment fees per candidate. However, AndFound provided this service for free but this service can be a source of cash for the AndFound (hbr.org 2017). Pros-This option is in alignment with the mission of AndFound to connect investors with entrepreneurs. Cons- This business is not a core business of AndFound and the online platform will face competition from recruitment agencies. VV and Reza can generate revenue from the tools and documents that they have developed to make the funding process easy for entrepreneurs by connecting them with investors. Most of the features and services in the online platform are available for free, for instance, the online platform provides valuable information in the form of blog posts, but AndFound can set up a paid membership or charge subscription fees from users to access the services. AndFound has many active and engaged investors and start-ups companies in the site, VV and Reza should have the confidence that they have already created a sustainable online platform to connect entrepreneurs with investors and have gained the trust of consumers (Stead and Stead 2013).Customers are already getting great value from the online platform, so they will definitely understand the need of AndFound to grow into a sustainable business. Users will definitely pay for some of the services and features of AndFound if VV and Reza are transp arent about the fees (hbr.org 2017). Pros- AndFound can take leverage of its Customer Perceived Value and charge fees for some services. Cons- Monetization efforts can alienate customers. Option 3 AndFound has partnered with one broker-dealer so that small investors can easily invest in micro VC funds rather than individual start-ups. Andound was providing services to customers as a facilitator without charging any money from them, but it can charge the broker dealer a percentage of the fees. Pros- This option can generate revenue for AndFound. Cons- Paid products can generate less word-of-mouth. Option 4 The other option is to offer a product that can help angel investors utilize their expert knowledge by aggregating funding from other angels on the online platform. Each of these investments could be structured as a separate fund. AndFound can charge a portion of the profit from the investors when they make money upon cashing out (hbr.org 2017). Pros- AndFound can learn about customers willingness to pay. Cons- This method can halt momentum of business temporarily. Option 5 Starting with a Token Fee The 10,000 users of the site could be charged $ 2.29 a month. Only this meager amount of money can result in a revenue of $300,000 a month or $3.6 million a year (hbr.org 2017). Pros- $ 2.99 is a very small amount for the value that AndFound is creating. Cons- This is only an interim source of operating funds Option 6 Subsidize one side of the market AndFound has another option to charge fees from investors but the services for start-ups should remain free (hbr.org 2017). Pros- This option can help AndFound experiment with revenue sources. Cons- This option cant be adopted as a long-term revenue model. Option 7 Focus on the product VV and Raza can adopt the Facebook approach of building a great product first then worry about revenue later. AndFound has an incredible database of investors, so if they focus on building a great product, they will find sources to fund their business in future (hbr.org 2017). Pros- This option is in alignment with AndFounds vision and mission. Cons- Without experimenting with revenue options, the business of AndFound can never reach maturity. Conclusion The Preferred Strategic Option A hierarchy of strategy statements is mission, values, vision, strategy and balance scorecard (how to monitor and implement the strategy).According to me, for a start-up company like AndFound which performs in a rapidly growing sector, six months is a century to adopt the revenue model. Most of the tech companies charge fees from inexperienced entrepreneurs who try to raise funds for their business like FundersPlatform that charges exorbitant fees from the entrepreneurs.But AndFound has set up a trustworthy and transparent business platform and users which include investors and entrepreneurs have been using the site since several years. AndFound should stick to its mission of making the fundraising process transparent and providing the entrepreneurs greater access to capital. AndFound has already gained Customers Perceived Value (CPV) and should start testing revenue strategies. The organization cant live on seed capital forever. VV and Reza should contemplate on how and when they ca n introduce paid features to AndFound. For instance, the best option for AndFound could be to charge fees from non-core activities for instance, the Talent portal of AndFound. A quarter to a third of a new hires first year salary is paid by Companies to a professional recruiter. So such business organizations will definitely pay AndFound a fee for similar services. Thus AndFound can keep its core business free for its users but can make non-core activities like the Talent portal chargeable. By this process, AndFound will not deviate from its noble mission of connecting entrepreneurs with investors, at the same time VV and Reza will be able to experiment with different revenue options on a small scale by targeting segments of users of AndFound. This will help AndFound to maintain commitment to core business model and generate revenue simultaneously, because AndFound cant rely on seed capital forever. This option can enable AndFound to ignore traditional industry boundaries and produc t definitions and to focus on creating value as well as to focus on customers experience. AndFound must consider its perspective (mission), position in the industry, plans and goals and patterns of action for successful implementation of strategy .The intended strategy for AndFound is to connect entrepreneurs with investors through an online platform by providing free service. The emergent strategy of AndFound should be not to commit to a revenue model but to experiment with interim sources of revenue like the Talent Platform. References Gamble, J.E. and Thompson, A.A., 2014.Essentials of strategic management. Irwin Mcgraw-Hill. Harrison, J.S. and John, C.H.S., 2013.Foundations in strategic management. Cengage Learning. hbr.org. (2017).Strategy Case of Andfound. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/2015/09/case-study-should-this-startup-take-vc-money-or-try-to-turn-a-profit [Accessed 19 Oct. 2017]. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hubbard, G., Rice, J. and Galvin, P., 2014.Strategic management. Pearson Australia. Morden, T., 2016.Principles of strategic management. Routledge. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Stead, J.G. and Stead, W.E., 2013.Sustainable strategic management. ME Sharpe.